Which factor mainly influences tidal changes?

The primary factor influencing tidal changes is the gravitational pull from the moon and the sun. Tides are generated primarily by the gravitational forces exerted by these celestial bodies on the Earth's oceans. The moon, being closer to the Earth, has a stronger effect on tides compared to the sun, although the sun's gravitational pull also plays a significant role.

As the Earth rotates, different areas of the ocean are exposed to the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun, resulting in the cyclical rise and fall of seawater, known as tidal patterns. This phenomenon is further influenced by the alignment of the sun, moon, and Earth, which can lead to variations in the height and timing of tides, such as during full moons and new moons.

Wind speed over time, temperature variations, and ship movements in the harbor can affect local water levels and currents but do not have a fundamental impact on the global tidal patterns as the gravitational pull from the moon and sun does. Understanding this concept is crucial for navigation, as tides can significantly affect safe passage for vessels.