What information does a nautical chart provide to sailors?

A nautical chart provides essential information about geographical features and navigation routes, which are crucial for safe and effective navigation at sea. These charts depict a variety of elements, including the depth of water, the shape of the coastline, underwater hazards, buoys, and navigational aids, as well as established shipping lanes. By using these charts, sailors can determine their position, plan their course, and avoid dangers while navigating. The accuracy and detail of the information presented on a nautical chart are vital for ensuring the safe operation of vessels in various maritime environments.

In contrast, the other options do not pertain directly to nautical charts. Weather patterns and forecasts are typically provided through meteorological reports rather than navigational charts. Government regulations for maritime conduct are established by maritime authorities and are communicated through different regulatory documents, not through nautical charts. Lastly, ship maintenance schedules are internal documents managed by the crew or ship management and are unrelated to the navigational data that nautical charts provide.