What does the term "latitude" refer to in navigation?

Latitude in navigation specifically refers to the angular distance of a location north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees. It is an essential component of geographic coordinates, helping to pinpoint a specific location on the Earth’s surface. Latitude ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles, with northern latitudes represented positively and southern latitudes negatively.

Understanding latitude is crucial for navigators, as it not only assists in setting a course but also in understanding the ship's position in relation to the Equator and other geographic features. It significantly influences climate and daylight exposure as well, which can affect navigational decisions.

In contrast, the other options refer to different aspects of navigation—such as longitude, which is related to the angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, and measures that are either linear, like nautical miles, or angular, like the angle between a vessel’s heading and a navigational aid. Thus, recognizing latitude’s definition as strictly referring to the north-south position relative to the Equator clarifies its importance in navigation.